Large Literary Models

A Python toolkit for using Large Language Models (LLMs) to produce structured, annotated data from unstructured texts. Built for digital humanities research.

What it does: You give it messy text (OCR scans, bibliographies, novel excerpts, archival documents) and a description of the structured data you want back (characters, citations, sentiments, relationships). It sends the text to an LLM, parses the response into clean structured data, caches everything so you never pay for the same query twice, and hands you back validated Python objects you can export to CSV or a pandas DataFrame.

Supported LLM providers: Claude (Anthropic), GPT (OpenAI), Gemini (Google), and any OpenAI-compatible local server (vLLM, LM Studio, Ollama, llama.cpp).

Table of Contents

• Installation
• Setup: API Keys
• Quick Start
• Structured Extraction
• Defining a Task
• Working with Multiple Prompts
• Sequential Tasks
• Caching
• Using local models (vLLM, LM Studio, Ollama)
• CLI: litmod
• Running at Scale
• Relationship to LLTK
• Example: Bibliography Extraction
• Starting Your Own Project
• Available Tasks
• Project Structure

Installation

Prerequisites

You need Python 3.10 or later.

Install from PyPI

pip install largeliterarymodels

This installs largeliterarymodels and all its dependencies: the Anthropic, OpenAI, and Google AI client libraries, pydantic for structured data extraction, and HashStash for caching.

Install from source (for development)

git clone https://github.com/quadrismegistus/largeliterarymodels.git
cd largeliterarymodels
python -m venv .venv
source .venv/bin/activate
pip install -e ".[dev]"

Setup: API Keys

To use an LLM, you need an API key from at least one provider. You only need one, but having multiple lets you compare models.

Provider	Get a key at	Environment variable
Anthropic (Claude)	console.anthropic.com	ANTHROPIC_API_KEY
OpenAI (GPT)	platform.openai.com	OPENAI_API_KEY
Google (Gemini)	aistudio.google.com	GEMINI_API_KEY

Set them in your shell:

export ANTHROPIC_API_KEY="sk-ant-your-key-here"
export OPENAI_API_KEY="sk-your-key-here"
export GEMINI_API_KEY="your-key-here"

For local models (vLLM, LM Studio, Ollama), no API key is needed.

Quick Start

Basic text generation

from largeliterarymodels import LLM

llm = LLM()  # defaults to Claude Sonnet
response = llm.generate("What is the plot of Pamela by Samuel Richardson?")
print(response)

The response is automatically cached. Running the exact same call again returns instantly without using API credits.

Structured extraction

This is the core feature. Define a schema using pydantic, and the LLM fills it in:

from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
from largeliterarymodels import LLM

class Sentiment(BaseModel):
    sentiment: str = Field(description="positive, negative, or neutral")
    confidence: float = Field(description="confidence score from 0.0 to 1.0")
    explanation: str = Field(description="one-sentence explanation")

llm = LLM()
result = llm.extract(
    "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times.",
    schema=Sentiment,
)

print(result.sentiment)     # "neutral"
print(result.confidence)    # 0.75
print(result.explanation)   # "The passage juxtaposes extremes..."

The result is a validated Python object with dot-notation access, not a string or raw JSON.

Extracting a list of items

Use list[YourModel] when you expect multiple results:

class Character(BaseModel):
    name: str
    role: str = Field(description="role in the narrative")
    gender: str

characters = llm.extract(
    "Who are the main characters in Pride and Prejudice?",
    schema=list[Character],
)
for c in characters:
    print(f"{c.name} ({c.gender}): {c.role}")

Defining a Task

A Task bundles together everything needed for a specific extraction job: the schema, system prompt, examples, and configuration.

from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
from largeliterarymodels import Task

class Character(BaseModel):
    name: str
    gender: str
    role: str = Field(description="role in the narrative")
    prominence: int = Field(description="1-10 prominence score")

class CharacterTask(Task):
    schema = list[Character]
    system_prompt = "You are a literary scholar. Extract all named characters."
    examples = [
        (
            "Mr. Darcy danced with Elizabeth at the ball.",
            [
                Character(name="Mr. Darcy", gender="Male", role="love interest", prominence=9),
                Character(name="Elizabeth", gender="Female", role="protagonist", prominence=10),
            ],
        ),
    ]
    retries = 2

task = CharacterTask()
characters = task.run(chapter_text)
characters_gpt = task.run(chapter_text, model="gpt-4o-mini")

Working with Multiple Prompts

task = CharacterTask()
results = task.map(
    [chapter_1_text, chapter_2_text, chapter_3_text],
    model="claude-sonnet-4-6",
)

map() runs requests in parallel (4 threads by default), shows a progress bar, and caches results. Re-running the same batch skips already-cached prompts.

Sequential Tasks

For long texts that need to be processed in chunks with rolling context (e.g., extracting a social network from a 300-page novel), use SequentialTask:

from largeliterarymodels.tasks import SocialNetworkTask

task = SocialNetworkTask(model="vllm/qwen3.6-27b")

# Pass a list of passage strings
result = task.run(passages, cache_key="my_text_id")

# Or pass a .txt file path (auto-chunked)
result = task.run("novel.txt", cache_key="novel")

SequentialTask.run() processes passages in chunks, feeding forward a rolling state (e.g., the character roster so far) to maintain consistency across chunks. Results are cached per-chunk, so interrupted runs resume where they left off.

Key parameters:

• source: list of passage strings, or path to a .txt file
• cache_key: stable identifier for caching (e.g., a text ID)
• save: path to save the aggregated JSON result, or False to skip

Caching

All LLM calls are automatically cached using HashStash. The cache key includes the prompt, model, system prompt, temperature, and schema. Same inputs = instant cached result.

Cache is stored in data/stash/ inside the repository. To force a fresh generation:

response = llm.generate("What is the plot of Pamela?", force=True)

Provider-side prompt caching (Anthropic, OpenAI) is enabled automatically for repeat calls within a batch, cutting input costs ~10x on long system prompts.

Using local models (vLLM, LM Studio, Ollama)

Any OpenAI-compatible local inference server works:

from largeliterarymodels import LLM
llm = LLM(model="lmstudio/qwen3.5-35b-a3b")
llm = LLM(model="vllm/qwen3.6-27b")
llm = LLM(model="ollama/mistral")

By default, local models connect to http://localhost:11434/v1 (Ollama's default). Override with:

export LOCAL_BASE_URL="http://localhost:8000/v1"   # vLLM
export LOCAL_BASE_URL="http://localhost:1234/v1"   # LM Studio

CLI: litmod

The package includes a CLI tool:

litmod ls                                      # list available tasks
litmod show GenreTask                          # show task schema + fixtures
litmod smoke GenreTask --model sonnet          # test on built-in fixtures
litmod run GenreTask --input data/manifest.csv --model sonnet
litmod annotate GenreTask --port 8989          # human annotation web app

Cloud GPU management (Vast.ai)

For running sequential tasks at scale on rented GPUs:

litmod cloud launch              # find + rent cheapest A100 80GB (~$0.85/hr)
litmod cloud setup               # install vLLM + largeliterarymodels over SSH
litmod cloud upload passages_c19 # rsync passage files to instance
litmod cloud run passages_c19    # start vLLM + batch in tmux (survives disconnects)
litmod cloud status              # check progress, running cost, tail log
litmod cloud download            # rsync results back locally
litmod cloud stop                # destroy instance (stops all billing)
litmod cloud ssh                 # interactive shell access

State is persisted in .vastai.json so everything is resumable across disconnects. Requires a Vast.ai account and API key (pip install vastai && vastai set api-key YOUR_KEY).

Running at Scale

For processing hundreds or thousands of texts, the workflow splits across two environments:

On GPU (Colab, Vast.ai, or HPC)

1. Export passages locally (where your database is):

   python scripts/hpc/export_passages.py --subcollection Nineteenth-Century_Fiction --out data/passages_c19

2. Upload and run on the GPU:

   # Vast.ai
   litmod cloud upload passages_c19
   litmod cloud run passages_c19
   
   # Or Colab: upload JSONL files, then:
   python scripts/batch_social_network.py --text-dir passages/ --output-dir results/ --model vllm-qwen36 --workers 4

3. Download results and ingest locally:

   litmod cloud download
   lltk ingest-tasks social_network data/cloud_results/passages_c19/

The batch script handles resume-from-failure (skips texts with existing output), parallel workers, and sharding across multiple processes.

Passage export format

Exported files are JSONL with an _id metadata header:

{"_id": "_chadwyck/Nineteenth-Century_Fiction/ncf0101.01", "_n_passages": 298}
{"seq": 0, "text": "CHAPTER I. In which the reader...", "n_words": 487}
{"seq": 1, "text": "The morning was bright and clear...", "n_words": 512}

The _id in the header is authoritative for result placement -- filenames are slugified and not used for identity.

Relationship to LLTK

This package is designed to work with LLTK (Literary Language Toolkit) but does not depend on it. The division of labor:

	largeliterarymodels	lltk
Role	Pure extraction library	Corpus management + orchestration
Knows about	Schemas, LLMs, providers, caching	Corpora, passages, metadata, ClickHouse
Input	str or list[str]	Text IDs, database queries
Output	Pydantic models / dicts	Annotations, task paths, scalar features

lltk imports largeliterarymodels (not the reverse). This means largeliterarymodels works anywhere -- laptops, Colab, HPC, cloud GPUs -- without needing a database connection.

When used together, lltk orchestrates the pipeline:

import lltk

# lltk resolves passages and calls largeliterarymodels tasks
lltk.annotate.run_task('genre', ids=['_estc/T068056'], model='gemini-2.5-flash')
lltk.annotate.run_task('social_network', ids=['_chadwyck/.../haywood.02'], model='vllm/qwen3.6-27b')

# Results stored in lltk's annotation system
# Full JSON blobs go to lltk.task_path()
# Scalar features go to lltk.annotations

Install together: pip install largeliterarymodels lltk-dh

Example: Bibliography Extraction

from largeliterarymodels.tasks import BibliographyTask, chunk_bibliography

task = BibliographyTask()

with open("data/bibliography.html") as f:
    raw_html = f.read()

chunks = chunk_bibliography(raw_html, max_entries=20)
all_entries = task.map(chunks)

flat = [entry for chunk_entries in all_entries for entry in chunk_entries]
df = pd.DataFrame([e.model_dump() for e in flat])
df.to_csv("data/bibliography.csv", index=False)

Starting Your Own Project

Create a separate repository that depends on this package:

from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
from largeliterarymodels import Task

class MyEntry(BaseModel):
    # your custom fields
    ...

class MyTask(Task):
    schema = list[MyEntry]
    system_prompt = "Your domain-specific instructions..."
    examples = [...]

pip install largeliterarymodels

Available Tasks

Task	Type	Input	Output
GenreTask	Base	Title/author metadata	Genre, subgenre, translation status, confidence
GenreTaskLite	Base	Title/author metadata	Constrained genre tags (form + mode)
MajorGenreTask	Base	Title/author metadata	Major genre
FryeTask	Base	Text passages	Frye mode, mythos, referential mode
PassageTask	Base	~1K-word passage	Narratological annotation
PassageContentTask	Base	Passage	43 binary content flags
PassageFormTask	Base	Passage	Formal/stylistic features
PassageNarrativityTask	Base	Passage	Discourse mode, focalization, narrator presence
PassageSettingTask	Base	Passage	Setting classification
EmotionTask	Base	Passage	Feelings Wheel (Willcox) emotions, valence
EmotionTaskZh	Base	Passage (EN or ZH)	七情/TCM Chinese-taxonomy emotions
SocialNetworkTask	Sequential	Passage list	Characters, relations, events, dialogue, summaries
PlotGenreTask	Base	Social-network summary	Plot shape + genre tags
SubgenreTask	Base	Social-network summary	Subgenre + fiction verification
ModernSubgenreTask	Base	Social-network summary	Modern (post-1800) subgenre
CharacterTypeTask	Base	Social-network summary	Character archetypes + social class
CharacterTask	Base	BookNLP character roster	Merged/cleaned character list
CharacterIntroTask	Base	Character first-mention passages	Introduction mode, social class
TranslationTask	Base	Word in context	Historical translation + connotations
BibliographyTask	Base	OCR bibliography pages	Structured bibliography entries
OCRCleanTask	Base	OCR text	Cleaned text
ContradictionResponseTask	Base	Prompt + LLM completion	Contradiction-handling strategy
AlignmentAsymmetryTask	Base	LLM generation	Agency/deference/assertiveness scores

Base tasks process a single prompt and return a Pydantic model. Sequential tasks process a list of passages in chunks with rolling state and return an aggregated dict. Run litmod ls for the tasks wired into the CLI.

Project Structure

largeliterarymodels/
    __init__.py              # Exports: LLM, Task, model constants
    llm.py                   # Core LLM class: generate, extract, map
    task.py                  # Task + SequentialTask base classes
    providers.py             # Direct API calls to Anthropic, OpenAI, Google, local
    tasks/                   # Built-in task definitions (lazy-loaded)
    analysis/                # Cross-task analysis: Fisher tests, ensembles, social networks
    cli/                     # litmod CLI: ls, show, smoke, run, annotate, cloud
    integrations/            # ClickHouse adapter (being migrated to lltk)
    annotate.py              # FastHTML human-annotation web app
scripts/
    batch_social_network.py  # Batch runner for SocialNetworkTask (Colab/HPC/cloud)
    analyze_social_networks.py  # Network statistics across parsed texts
    hpc/                     # Passage export, SLURM scripts, Colab notebooks
    cloud/                   # Vast.ai standalone entry point
tests/                       # Test suite (pytest)

License

MIT