fix: pass NULL for absent optional arguments in --direct-c

examples/Makefile

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ EXAMPLES = \
 	issue32 \
 	issue353_selected_kind \
 	issue357_name_conflict \
+	issue369_optional_present \
 	issue41_abstract_classes \
 	keep_single_interface \
 	keyword_renaming_issue160 \

examples/issue369_optional_present/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#=======================================================================
+#                   define the compiler names
+#=======================================================================
+
+include ../make.inc
+PY_MOD      = pywrapper
+F90_SRC     = main.f90
+OBJ         = $(F90_SRC:.f90=.o)
+F90WRAP_SRC = $(addprefix f90wrap_,${F90_SRC})
+WRAPFLAGS   = -v
+F2PY        = f2py-f90wrap
+SRC_AR      = libsrc.a
+.PHONY: all clean
+
+all: test
+
+clean:
+	rm -rf *.mod *.smod *.o ${SRC_AR} f90wrap*.f90 ${PY_MOD}.py _${PY_MOD}*.so __pycache__/ .f2py_f2cmap build ${PY_MOD}/
+
+%.o: %.f90
+	${F90} ${F90FLAGS} -c $< -o $@
+
+${F90WRAP_SRC}: ${OBJ}
+	${F90WRAP} -m ${PY_MOD} ${WRAPFLAGS} ${F90_SRC}
+
+${SRC_AR}: ${OBJ}
+	ar rcs $@ ${OBJ}
+
+f2py: ${F90WRAP_SRC} ${SRC_AR}
+	CFLAGS="${CFLAGS}" ${F2PY} -c -m _${PY_MOD} ${F2PYFLAGS} f90wrap_*.f90 -L. -lsrc
+
+test: f2py
+	${PYTHON} tests.py

examples/issue369_optional_present/Makefile.meson

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+include ../make.meson.inc
+
+NAME     := pywrapper
+
+test: build
+	$(PYTHON) tests.py

examples/issue369_optional_present/main.f90

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+! Regression example for issue #369.
+!
+! With --direct-c, passing None for an OPTIONAL argument must make present(arg)
+! return .false. inside Fortran. The bug passed a non-NULL pointer (scalar) or an
+! allocated blank buffer (character), so present() wrongly returned .true.
+!
+! Each subroutine reports its decision through an intent(out) result so the Python
+! test can assert which branch ran. Both the regular f90wrap+f2py path and the
+! --direct-c path are exercised by the shared tests.py.
+module m_optional
+    implicit none
+contains
+
+    ! Optional scalar: the exact case from issue #369.
+    subroutine scalar_default(x, n)
+        real, intent(out) :: x
+        integer, intent(in), optional :: n
+        if (.not. present(n)) then
+            x = 42.0
+        else
+            x = real(n)
+        end if
+    end subroutine scalar_default
+
+    ! Optional character input.
+    subroutine char_default(label, name)
+        character(len=16), intent(out) :: label
+        character(len=*), intent(in), optional :: name
+        if (present(name)) then
+            label = name
+        else
+            label = "ABSENT"
+        end if
+    end subroutine char_default
+
+    ! Optional array input (already correct before the fix: a regression lock).
+    subroutine array_default(s, v)
+        integer, intent(out) :: s
+        real, intent(in), optional :: v(:)
+        if (present(v)) then
+            s = size(v)
+        else
+            s = -1
+        end if
+    end subroutine array_default
+
+end module m_optional

examples/issue369_optional_present/tests.py

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+import unittest
+
+import numpy as np
+
+from pywrapper import m_optional
+
+
+def as_text(value):
+    """Character returns come back as bytes (direct-c) or str (f2py)."""
+    if isinstance(value, bytes):
+        value = value.decode()
+    return value.strip()
+
+
+class TestOptionalPresent(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_scalar_present(self):
+        self.assertEqual(m_optional.scalar_default(n=5), 5.0)
+
+    def test_scalar_absent_uses_default(self):
+        # Bug #369: direct-c saw present(n) == .true. with value 0.
+        self.assertEqual(m_optional.scalar_default(), 42.0)
+
+    def test_char_present(self):
+        self.assertEqual(as_text(m_optional.char_default(name="hello")), "hello")
+
+    def test_char_absent_uses_default(self):
+        self.assertEqual(as_text(m_optional.char_default()), "ABSENT")
+
+    def test_array_present(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            m_optional.array_default(v=np.array([1.0, 2.0, 3.0], dtype=np.float32)), 3
+        )
+
+    def test_array_absent(self):
+        self.assertEqual(m_optional.array_default(), -1)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()

f90wrap/directc_cgen/arguments_scalar.py

@@ -103,6 +103,9 @@ def prepare_scalar_argument(gen: 'DirectCGenerator', arg: ft.Argument, intent: s
         gen.write(f"if (py_{arg.name} == Py_None) {{")
         gen.indent()
         gen.write(f"{arg.name}_val = 0;")
+        # Pass a NULL pointer so the Fortran side sees present(arg) == .false.
+        # instead of an argument whose value happens to be zero.
+        gen.write(f"{arg.name} = NULL;")
         gen.dedent()
         gen.write("} else {")
         gen.indent()
@@ -121,7 +124,11 @@ def _prepare_character_none_case(
     """Handle None value for character arguments."""
     gen.write(f"if (py_{arg.name} == Py_None) {{")
     gen.indent()
-    if optional or intent != "in":
+    if optional:
+        # Absent optional argument: pass a NULL pointer so present(arg) == .false.
+        # The output path returns None for a NULL character buffer.
+        gen.write(f"{arg.name} = NULL;")
+    elif intent != "in":
         gen.write(f"{arg.name}_len = {default_len};")
         gen.write(f"if ({arg.name}_len <= 0) {{")
         gen.indent()

f90wrap/directc_cgen/procedures_return.py

@@ -152,7 +152,13 @@ def _prepare_character_output(gen: DirectCGenerator, arg: ft.Argument) -> None:
     if parsed:
         # Check if buffer is from numpy array
         gen.write(f"PyObject* py_{arg.name}_obj = NULL;")
-        gen.write(f"if ({arg.name}_is_array) {{")
+        # An absent optional argument has a NULL buffer: return None for it.
+        gen.write(f"if ({arg.name} == NULL) {{")
+        gen.indent()
+        gen.write("Py_INCREF(Py_None);")
+        gen.write(f"py_{arg.name}_obj = Py_None;")
+        gen.dedent()
+        gen.write(f"}} else if ({arg.name}_is_array) {{")
         gen.indent()
         gen.write("/* Numpy array was modified in place, no return object or free needed */")
         gen.dedent()

test/test_directc.py

@@ -324,6 +324,39 @@ def test_c_code_syntax_basics(self):
         self.assertNotIn('def ', c_code)
         self.assertNotIn('import ', c_code)
 
+    def _generate_with_argument(self, name, type_spec, attributes):
+        arg = Mock(spec=ft.Argument)
+        arg.name = name
+        arg.type = type_spec
+        arg.attributes = attributes
+        self.generator.root.modules[0].procedures[0].arguments = [arg]
+        return self.generator.generate_module('testmod')
+
+    def test_optional_scalar_passes_null(self):
+        """Issue #369: an absent optional scalar passes NULL, not a zeroed value."""
+        c_code = self._generate_with_argument('n', 'integer', ['intent(in)', 'optional'])
+
+        self.assertIn('if (py_n == Py_None)', c_code)
+        self.assertIn('n = NULL;', c_code)
+
+    def test_optional_character_input_passes_null(self):
+        """An absent optional character input passes NULL so present() is .false."""
+        c_code = self._generate_with_argument(
+            'name', 'character(len=8)', ['intent(in)', 'optional']
+        )
+
+        self.assertIn('name = NULL;', c_code)
+
+    def test_optional_character_output_passes_null_and_returns_none(self):
+        """An absent optional character output passes NULL and is returned as None."""
+        c_code = self._generate_with_argument(
+            'label', 'character(len=8)', ['intent(out)', 'optional']
+        )
+
+        self.assertIn('label = NULL;', c_code)
+        self.assertIn('if (label == NULL)', c_code)
+        self.assertIn('py_label_obj = Py_None;', c_code)
+
     def test_c_code_has_character_setter(self):
         """Character module variables should generate setter wrappers."""
         element = Mock(spec=ft.Element)