diff --git a/module/VuFind/src/VuFind/Auth/EmailAuthenticator.php b/module/VuFind/src/VuFind/Auth/EmailAuthenticator.php
index 5a313a0cdbdf..006b8a1f896e 100644
--- a/module/VuFind/src/VuFind/Auth/EmailAuthenticator.php
+++ b/module/VuFind/src/VuFind/Auth/EmailAuthenticator.php
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class EmailAuthenticator implements \VuFind\I18n\Translator\TranslatorAwareInter
      * @param \VuFind\Mailer\Mailer           $mailer          Mailer
      * @param PhpRenderer                     $viewRenderer    View Renderer
      * @param UserIpReader                    $userIpReader    User IP address reader
-     * @param \VuFind\Config\Config           $config          Configuration
+     * @param array                           $config          Configuration
      * @param AuthHashServiceInterface        $authHashService AuthHash database service
      */
     public function __construct(
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ public function __construct(
         protected \VuFind\Mailer\Mailer $mailer,
         protected PhpRenderer $viewRenderer,
         protected UserIpReader $userIpReader,
-        protected \VuFind\Config\Config $config,
+        protected array $config,
         protected AuthHashServiceInterface $authHashService
     ) {
     }
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ public function sendAuthenticationLink(
         $templateParams = []
     ) {
         // Make sure we've waited long enough
-        $recoveryInterval = $this->config->Authentication->recover_interval ?? 60;
+        $recoveryInterval = $this->config['Authentication']['recover_interval'] ?? 60;
         $sessionId = $this->sessionManager->getId();
 
         if (
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ public function sendAuthenticationLink(
         $viewParams['url'] = $serverHelper(
             $urlHelper($linkRoute, $routeParams, ['query' => $urlParams])
         );
-        $viewParams['title'] = $this->config->Site->title;
+        $viewParams['title'] = $this->config['Site']['title'] ?? '';
 
         $message = $this->viewRenderer->render($template, $viewParams);
         $from = $this->getEmailSenderAddress($this->config, $email);
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ public function sendAuthenticationCode(
         $templateParams = []
     ): int {
         // Make sure we've waited long enough
-        $recoveryInterval = $this->config->Authentication->recover_interval ?? 60;
+        $recoveryInterval = $this->config['Authentication']['recover_interval'] ?? 60;
         $sessionId = $this->sessionManager->getId();
 
         if (
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ public function sendAuthenticationCode(
 
         $viewParams = $templateParams;
         $viewParams['code'] = $otp;
-        $viewParams['title'] = $this->config->Site->title ?? '';
+        $viewParams['title'] = $this->config['Site']['title'] ?? '';
 
         $message = $this->viewRenderer->render($template, $viewParams);
         $from = $this->getEmailSenderAddress($this->config, $email);
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ public function verifyAuthenticationCode(
             throw $e;
         }
         // Check the maximum attempt limit:
-        $maxAttempts = max($this->config->Authentication->otp_max_attempts ?? 3, 1);
+        $maxAttempts = max($this->config['Authentication']['otp_max_attempts'] ?? 3, 1);
         if ($attempts > $maxAttempts) {
             throw new AuthException('authentication_error_expired');
         }
diff --git a/module/VuFind/src/VuFind/Auth/EmailAuthenticatorFactory.php b/module/VuFind/src/VuFind/Auth/EmailAuthenticatorFactory.php
index e61276f392d7..d73865ec7bb5 100644
--- a/module/VuFind/src/VuFind/Auth/EmailAuthenticatorFactory.php
+++ b/module/VuFind/src/VuFind/Auth/EmailAuthenticatorFactory.php
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ public function __invoke(
             $container->get(\VuFind\Mailer\Mailer::class),
             $container->get('ViewRenderer'),
             $container->get(\VuFind\Net\UserIpReader::class),
-            $container->get(\VuFind\Config\ConfigManagerInterface::class)->getConfigObject('config'),
+            $container->get(\VuFind\Config\ConfigManagerInterface::class)->getConfigArray('config'),
             $container->get(\VuFind\Db\Service\PluginManager::class)
                 ->get(\VuFind\Db\Service\AuthHashServiceInterface::class)
         );
diff --git a/module/VuFind/src/VuFind/Auth/LoginTokenManager.php b/module/VuFind/src/VuFind/Auth/LoginTokenManager.php
index 379cd94120f3..c6d23085c3c6 100644
--- a/module/VuFind/src/VuFind/Auth/LoginTokenManager.php
+++ b/module/VuFind/src/VuFind/Auth/LoginTokenManager.php
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@
 use Laminas\Session\SessionManager;
 use Laminas\View\Renderer\RendererInterface;
 use Psr\Log\LoggerAwareInterface;
-use VuFind\Config\Config;
 use VuFind\Config\Feature\EmailSettingsTrait;
 use VuFind\Cookie\CookieManager;
 use VuFind\Db\Entity\UserEntityInterface;
@@ -104,7 +103,7 @@ class LoginTokenManager implements LoggerAwareInterface, TranslatorAwareInterfac
     /**
      * LoginToken constructor.
      *
-     * @param Config                     $config            Configuration
+     * @param array                      $config            Configuration
      * @param UserServiceInterface       $userService       User database service
      * @param LoginTokenServiceInterface $loginTokenService Login Token database service
      * @param CookieManager              $cookieManager     Cookie manager
@@ -114,7 +113,7 @@ class LoginTokenManager implements LoggerAwareInterface, TranslatorAwareInterfac
      * @param callable                   $browscapCB        Callback for creating Browscap
      */
     public function __construct(
-        protected Config $config,
+        protected array $config,
         protected UserServiceInterface $userService,
         protected LoginTokenServiceInterface $loginTokenService,
         protected CookieManager $cookieManager,
@@ -273,7 +272,7 @@ public function deleteUserLoginTokens($userId)
      */
     public function getCookieLifetime(): int
     {
-        return (int)($this->config->Authentication->persistent_login_lifetime ?? 14);
+        return (int)($this->config['Authentication']['persistent_login_lifetime'] ?? 14);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -332,7 +331,7 @@ protected function createOrRotateToken(
         $userId = $user->getId();
         try {
             if ($series) {
-                $lenient = ($this->config->Authentication->lenient_token_rotation ?? true);
+                $lenient = ($this->config['Authentication']['lenient_token_rotation'] ?? true);
                 $this->loginTokenService->deleteBySeries($series, $lenient ? $currentTokenId : null);
                 $this->debug("Updating login token $token series $series for user {$userId}");
             } else {
@@ -364,16 +363,16 @@ protected function createOrRotateToken(
      */
     protected function sendLoginTokenWarningEmail(UserEntityInterface $user)
     {
-        if (!($this->config->Authentication->send_login_warnings ?? true)) {
+        if (!($this->config['Authentication']['send_login_warnings'] ?? true)) {
             return;
         }
-        $title = $this->config->Site->title ?? '';
+        $title = $this->config['Site']['title'] ?? '';
         if ($toAddr = $user->getEmail()) {
             $message = $this->viewRenderer->render(
                 'Email/login-warning.phtml',
                 compact('title')
             );
-            $subject = $this->config->Authentication->persistent_login_warning_email_subject
+            $subject = $this->config['Authentication']['persistent_login_warning_email_subject']
                 ?? 'persistent_login_warning_email_subject';
 
             try {
diff --git a/module/VuFind/src/VuFind/Auth/LoginTokenManagerFactory.php b/module/VuFind/src/VuFind/Auth/LoginTokenManagerFactory.php
index 54e2f1fcd8f2..3c01f2b2d231 100644
--- a/module/VuFind/src/VuFind/Auth/LoginTokenManagerFactory.php
+++ b/module/VuFind/src/VuFind/Auth/LoginTokenManagerFactory.php
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ public function __invoke(
 
         $dbServiceManager = $container->get(\VuFind\Db\Service\PluginManager::class);
         return new $requestedName(
-            $container->get(\VuFind\Config\ConfigManagerInterface::class)->getConfigObject('config'),
+            $container->get(\VuFind\Config\ConfigManagerInterface::class)->getConfigArray('config'),
             $dbServiceManager->get(UserServiceInterface::class),
             $dbServiceManager->get(LoginTokenServiceInterface::class),
             $container->get(\VuFind\Cookie\CookieManager::class),
diff --git a/module/VuFind/src/VuFind/Auth/Manager.php b/module/VuFind/src/VuFind/Auth/Manager.php
index 12909e4bbc2b..87e61b2e6359 100644
--- a/module/VuFind/src/VuFind/Auth/Manager.php
+++ b/module/VuFind/src/VuFind/Auth/Manager.php
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ class Manager implements IdentityProviderInterface, LoggerAwareInterface
     /**
      * Constructor.
      *
-     * @param Config                          $config            VuFind configuration
+     * @param array                           $config            VuFind configuration
      * @param UserServiceInterface            $userService       User database service
      * @param UserSessionPersistenceInterface $userSession       User session persistence service
      * @param SessionManager                  $sessionManager    Session manager
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ class Manager implements IdentityProviderInterface, LoggerAwareInterface
      * @param AuditEventServiceInterface      $auditEventService Event database service
      */
     public function __construct(
-        protected Config $config,
+        protected array $config,
         protected UserServiceInterface $userService,
         protected UserSessionPersistenceInterface $userSession,
         protected SessionManager $sessionManager,
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ public function __construct(
     ) {
         // Initialize active authentication setting (defaulting to Database
         // if no setting passed in):
-        $method = $this->getPreAuthenticationData()['authMethod'] ?? $config->Authentication->method ?? 'Database';
+        $method = $this->getPreAuthenticationData()['authMethod'] ?? $config['Authentication']['method'] ?? 'Database';
         // Set the active authentication method and force it legal:
         $this->setAuthMethod($method, true);
     }
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ protected function makeAuth(string $method): AuthInterface
             throw new \Exception("Illegal authentication method: $method");
         }
         $auth = $this->pluginManager->get($method);
-        $auth->setConfig($this->config);
+        $auth->setConfig(new Config($this->config));
         return $auth;
     }
 
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ public function supportsCreation(?string $authMethod = null): bool
      */
     public function supportsRecovery(?string $authMethod = null, ?string $target = null): bool
     {
-        return ($this->config->Authentication->recover_password ?? false)
+        return ($this->config['Authentication']['recover_password'] ?? false)
             && $this->getAuth($authMethod)->supportsPasswordRecovery($target);
     }
 
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ public function getPasswordRecoveryData(array $params): ?array
      */
     public function supportsEmailChange(?string $authMethod = null): bool
     {
-        return $this->config->Authentication->change_email ?? false;
+        return $this->config['Authentication']['change_email'] ?? false;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ public function supportsEmailChange(?string $authMethod = null): bool
      */
     public function supportsPasswordChange(?string $authMethod = null): bool
     {
-        return ($this->config->Authentication->change_password ?? false)
+        return ($this->config['Authentication']['change_password'] ?? false)
             && $this->getAuth($authMethod)->supportsPasswordChange();
     }
 
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ public function supportsPasswordChange(?string $authMethod = null): bool
      */
     public function supportsConnectingLibraryCard(?string $authMethod = null): bool
     {
-        return ($this->config->Catalog->auth_based_library_cards ?? false)
+        return ($this->config['Catalog']['auth_based_library_cards'] ?? false)
             && $this->getAuth($authMethod)->supportsConnectingLibraryCard();
     }
 
@@ -309,10 +309,10 @@ public function supportsConnectingLibraryCard(?string $authMethod = null): bool
      */
     public function supportsPersistentLogin(?string $authMethod = null): bool
     {
-        if (!empty($this->config->Authentication->persistent_login)) {
+        if (!empty($this->config['Authentication']['persistent_login'])) {
             return in_array(
                 strtolower($authMethod ?? $this->getSelectedAuthMethod() ?? ''),
-                explode(',', strtolower($this->config->Authentication->persistent_login))
+                explode(',', strtolower($this->config['Authentication']['persistent_login']))
             );
         }
         return false;
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ public function supportsPersistentLogin(?string $authMethod = null): bool
      */
     public function getPersistentLoginLifetime(): int
     {
-        return $this->config->Authentication->persistent_login_lifetime ?? 14;
+        return $this->config['Authentication']['persistent_login_lifetime'] ?? 14;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -516,7 +516,7 @@ public function loginEnabled(): bool
     {
         if (null === $this->hideLogin) {
             // Assume login is enabled unless explicitly turned off:
-            $this->hideLogin = ($this->config->Authentication->hideLogin ?? false);
+            $this->hideLogin = ($this->config['Authentication']['hideLogin'] ?? false);
 
             if (!$this->hideLogin) {
                 try {
@@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ public function loginEnabled(): bool
     public function ajaxEnabled(): bool
     {
         // Assume ajax is enabled unless explicitly turned off:
-        return $this->config->Authentication->enableAjax ?? true;
+        return $this->config['Authentication']['enableAjax'] ?? true;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ public function ajaxEnabled(): bool
     public function dropdownEnabled(): bool
     {
         // Assume dropdown is disabled unless explicitly turned on:
-        return $this->config->Authentication->enableDropdown ?? false;
+        return $this->config['Authentication']['enableDropdown'] ?? false;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -740,7 +740,7 @@ public function checkForExpiredCredentials(): bool
      */
     public function inPrivacyMode(): bool
     {
-        return $this->config->Authentication->privacy ?? false;
+        return $this->config['Authentication']['privacy'] ?? false;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -838,7 +838,7 @@ public function updateEmail(UserEntityInterface $user, string $email): void
     {
         // Depending on verification setting, either do a direct update or else
         // put the new address into a pending state.
-        if ($this->config->Authentication->verify_email ?? false) {
+        if ($this->config['Authentication']['verify_email'] ?? false) {
             // If new email address is the current address, just reset any pending
             // email address:
             $user->setPendingEmail($email === $user->getEmail() ? '' : $email);
@@ -996,7 +996,7 @@ public function login(Request $request): ?UserEntityInterface
             // Attempt catalog login so that any bad credentials are cleared before further processing
             // (avoids e.g. multiple login attempts by account AJAX checks).
             if (
-                ($this->config->Catalog->checkILSCredentialsOnLogin ?? true)
+                ($this->config['Catalog']['checkILSCredentialsOnLogin'] ?? true)
                 && $this->ilsAuthenticator
                 && $this->allowsUserIlsLogin()
                 && ($catUsername = $user->getCatUsername())
@@ -1225,7 +1225,7 @@ protected function updateUser(UserEntityInterface $user, ?string $authMethod): v
      */
     public function allowsUserIlsLogin(): bool
     {
-        return $this->config->Catalog->allowUserLogin ?? true;
+        return $this->config['Catalog']['allowUserLogin'] ?? true;
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/module/VuFind/src/VuFind/Auth/ManagerFactory.php b/module/VuFind/src/VuFind/Auth/ManagerFactory.php
index 6227f40b23f9..1954fd381ac9 100644
--- a/module/VuFind/src/VuFind/Auth/ManagerFactory.php
+++ b/module/VuFind/src/VuFind/Auth/ManagerFactory.php
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ public function __invoke(
             throw new \Exception('Unexpected options passed to factory.');
         }
         // Load dependencies:
-        $config = $container->get(\VuFind\Config\ConfigManagerInterface::class)->getConfigObject('config');
+        $config = $container->get(\VuFind\Config\ConfigManagerInterface::class)->getConfigArray('config');
         $dbServiceManager = $container->get(\VuFind\Db\Service\PluginManager::class);
         $userService = $dbServiceManager->get(\VuFind\Db\Service\UserServiceInterface::class);
         $sessionManager = $container->get(\Laminas\Session\SessionManager::class);
diff --git a/module/VuFind/tests/unit-tests/src/VuFindTest/Auth/EmailAuthenticatorTest.php b/module/VuFind/tests/unit-tests/src/VuFindTest/Auth/EmailAuthenticatorTest.php
index 25fe078ee537..3ad5b4cb76a9 100644
--- a/module/VuFind/tests/unit-tests/src/VuFindTest/Auth/EmailAuthenticatorTest.php
+++ b/module/VuFind/tests/unit-tests/src/VuFindTest/Auth/EmailAuthenticatorTest.php
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@
 use PHPUnit\Framework\InvalidArgumentException;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\MockObject\Exception;
 use VuFind\Auth\EmailAuthenticator;
-use VuFind\Config\Config;
 use VuFind\Db\Entity\AuthHashEntityInterface;
 use VuFind\Db\Service\AuthHashServiceInterface;
 use VuFind\Mailer\Mailer;
@@ -89,7 +88,7 @@ protected function getEmailAuthenticator(
             $mailer ?? $this->createStub(Mailer::class),
             $renderer ?? $this->createStub(PhpRenderer::class),
             $userIpReader ?? $this->createStub(UserIpReader::class),
-            new Config($config),
+            $config,
             $authHashService ?? $this->createStub(AuthHashServiceInterface::class)
         );
         $authenticator->setTranslator($this->getMockTranslator([]));
diff --git a/module/VuFind/tests/unit-tests/src/VuFindTest/Auth/LoginTokenManagerTest.php b/module/VuFind/tests/unit-tests/src/VuFindTest/Auth/LoginTokenManagerTest.php
index c4951dbd7777..0f3cf2f9cda1 100644
--- a/module/VuFind/tests/unit-tests/src/VuFindTest/Auth/LoginTokenManagerTest.php
+++ b/module/VuFind/tests/unit-tests/src/VuFindTest/Auth/LoginTokenManagerTest.php
@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@
 use Laminas\Session\SessionManager;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\MockObject\MockObject;
 use VuFind\Auth\LoginTokenManager;
-use VuFind\Config\Config;
 use VuFind\Cookie\CookieManager;
 use VuFind\Db\Entity\LoginTokenEntityInterface;
 use VuFind\Db\Entity\UserEntityInterface;
@@ -193,7 +192,7 @@ protected function getCookieManager(array $cookies): CookieManager
      */
     protected function getLoginToken($cookieManager, $tokenTable, $userTable, $browscapOk)
     {
-        $config = new Config([]);
+        $config = [];
         $saveHandler = $this->createMock(SaveHandlerInterface::class);
         $sessionManager = $this->createMock(SessionManager::class);
         $sessionManager->method('getSaveHandler')->willReturn($saveHandler);
diff --git a/module/VuFind/tests/unit-tests/src/VuFindTest/Auth/ManagerTest.php b/module/VuFind/tests/unit-tests/src/VuFindTest/Auth/ManagerTest.php
index 515ea460cad1..ea8ade83009a 100644
--- a/module/VuFind/tests/unit-tests/src/VuFindTest/Auth/ManagerTest.php
+++ b/module/VuFind/tests/unit-tests/src/VuFindTest/Auth/ManagerTest.php
@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@
 use VuFind\Auth\Manager;
 use VuFind\Auth\PluginManager;
 use VuFind\Auth\UserSessionPersistenceInterface;
-use VuFind\Config\Config;
 use VuFind\Db\Entity\UserEntityInterface;
 use VuFind\Db\Service\UserServiceInterface;
 
@@ -561,7 +560,6 @@ protected function getManager(
         ?SessionManager $sessionManager = null,
         ?PluginManager $pm = null
     ): Manager {
-        $config = new Config($config);
         $cookies = new \VuFind\Cookie\CookieManager([]);
         $csrf = new \VuFind\Validator\SessionCsrf(
             [