Skip to content

ubuntu_installation_docker.md

Latest commit

 

History

History
157 lines (108 loc) · 7.17 KB

ubuntu_installation_docker.md

File metadata and controls

157 lines (108 loc) · 7.17 KB
Raw

How to install Linux on Docker

1. Install Docker

The tutorial about how to install docker on each platform are available on https://docs.docker.com/install/

Generally, you can download the installer according to your system.

Windows 10

Actually WSL is preferred on Windows 10, but you can also try Docker.

  1. Download https://download.docker.com/win/stable/Docker%20for%20Windows%20Installer.exe and install it win_install.png
  2. Run the Docker Desktop app and wait until it is up and running, and close it. You may meet an error about the Hyper-V service, and then you need to open it and restart your computer. win_hyper_v_error.png win_hyper_v_fix.png
  3. Open your favorite terminal and run docker version to verify the installation

Windows 7 or below

Old versions of docker may be supported on Windows 7 or below, but it is not recommended for you to use these systems now.

Mac OS:

  1. Download https://download.docker.com/mac/stable/Docker.dmg and install it. mac_install.png
  2. Run the Docker Desktop app and wait until it is up and running, and close it. mac_setup.png
  3. Open your favorite terminal and run docker version to verify the installation mac_docker_version.png

Linux

You may notice that docker can be installed on Linux, and performs much better on it! The official release of docker supports CentOS, Debian, Fedora, Ubuntu and most other Linux distributions.

2. Create a Linux Image with Docker

You can find various images of Linux Distributions on https://hub.docker.com/search?category=os&source=verified&type=image. Here is brief list of it:

First you should choose a Linux Distributions on your favour, the following tutorial will take ubuntu 20.04 as an example. But if you choose other docker images, the procedure will be very similar, you only need to change the image and container names.

The following commands can be ran on any OS with docker installed.

You can download the sample image which is built by the sample Dockerfile by running

docker pull makersmelx/ubuntu280

Skip Step 1 and Step 2 if you would like to use the sample Ubuntu system.

  1. Create a plain text file named Dockerfile and edit it with the example below.

    #  ===============================================================================  #
#  If you do not understand how docker works, please do not modify the below lines  #
#  ===============================================================================  #
FROM ubuntu:20.04
RUN sed -i 's:^path-exclude=/usr/share/man:#path-exclude=/usr/share/man:' \
        /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/excludes
RUN sed -i 's/archive.ubuntu.com/ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
RUN ln -snf /usr/share/zoneinfo/$CONTAINER_TIMEZONE /etc/localtime && echo $CONTAINER_TIMEZONE > /etc/timezone
#  ===============================================================================  #
#  If you do not understand how docker works, please do not modify the above lines  #
#  ===============================================================================  #
# Add any package you like here
RUN apt-get update && \
    apt-get install -y \
    g++\
    man \
    manpages-posix\
    vim\
    sudo\
    less\
    git\
    make\
    cmake\
    zsh
# The password for root is: rootpwd
RUN echo "root:rootpwd" | chpasswd
# Our user is called tiij
RUN useradd -rm -d /home/tiij -s /usr/bin/zsh -g root -G sudo -u 1000 tiij
# The password for tiij is: nobaidu
RUN echo "tiij:nobaidu" | chpasswd
USER tiij
WORKDIR /home/tiij

    which is a recipe to build an Ubuntu system image.

    In this Ubuntu system, some packages are installed. Besides root user, we have a normal (non-root or non-admin) user named tiij. The password for the root user is "root_password". The password for tiij is "do_not_use_baidu".

  2. Run

    docker build --tag [name of your image] [path to the directory containing dockerfile]

    to build the container. For example, under the directory where your Dockerfile is, run docker build --tag ubuntu280 ./ . Then the image is called ubuntu280.

    If you're outside China, you may delete the line RUN sed -i 's/archive.ubuntu.com/ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/g' /etc/apt/sources.list so that your container will use official source rather than SJTU mirror.

  3. Run the command like

    docker run -d -it --volume=[a directory on your host computer]:[a directory in the ubuntu container]  --name [container name] [image for the container]

    to run the container built and named it ubuntu. --volume=[absolute path outside]:[path in the docker] so that can share the content between the devices.

    For example, docker run -d -it --volume=/Users/wujiayao/develop:/home/tiij/code --name u280 makersmelx/ubuntu280.

    Replace the dir as your like.

  4. Run the command

    docker exec -it [container name] /bin/bash

    to enter the container by launching a bash process on it.

    For example, docker exec -it u280 /bin/bash

    What happens after we use --volume in Step 3? Try ls /home/tiij/code or the like command to explore the directory in ubuntu container that you type in the --volumes=. See what happens.

  5. Use Ctrl+D or exit to exit the container, and run the command docker ps to check the status of running containers. docker_exec&exit

  6. As default, vim is installed to this docker image. Since it may be difficult for you to use, you can install nano. su - together with the password root to become a root user and apt-get install nano to install. Also, you may install and use sudo.

3. Use a Docker Container

When you enter the container with a shell (eg. bash), you can use the container just like it is installed on a bare machine.

If you restart your system, the docker containers will be stopped, then you can run the command docker start ubuntu to start the container before you enter it.