diff --git a/changelog/245.feature.rst b/changelog/245.feature.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..01ed97d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog/245.feature.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add ``SpectrogramMetaABC`` and ``SpectrogramMeta`` metadata classes backed by ``ndcube.meta.NDMeta`` with instrument specific subclasses for all supported instruments (``WAVESMeta``, ``CALISTOMeta``, ``EOVSAMeta``, ``RFSMeta``,etc) providing typed property access to spectrogram metadata.
diff --git a/radiospectra/spectrogram/meta.py b/radiospectra/spectrogram/meta.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ec3da9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radiospectra/spectrogram/meta.py
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+import abc
+
+from ndcube.meta import NDMeta, NDMetaABC
+
+from astropy.coordinates import SkyCoord
+from astropy.time import Time
+from astropy.units import Quantity
+
+__all__ = ["SpectrogramMetaABC", "SpectrogramMeta"]
+
+
+class SpectrogramMetaABC(NDMetaABC):
+    """
+    Abstract base class for all spectrogram metadata.
+    """
+
+    # Identification
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def instrument(self) -> str:
+        """Name of the instrument."""
+        pass
+
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def observatory(self) -> str:
+        """Name of the observatory."""
+        pass
+
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def detector(self) -> str:
+        """Name of the detector."""
+        pass
+
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def processing_level(self) -> str | None:
+        """The level to which the data has been processed."""
+        pass
+
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def version(self) -> str | None:
+        """The data version."""
+        pass
+
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def source_filename(self) -> str | None:
+        """The source filename."""
+        pass
+
+    # Time
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def date_start(self) -> Time:
+        """Start of the observation"""
+        pass
+
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def date_end(self) -> Time:
+        """End of the observation"""
+        pass
+
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def temporal_resolution(self) -> Quantity:
+        pass
+
+    # Frequency
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def frequency_range(self) -> Quantity:
+        """Frequency range of observation"""
+        pass
+
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def frequency_resolution(self) -> Quantity:
+        pass
+
+    # Calibration and signal
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def calibration_state(self) -> str | None:
+        """Calibration state."""
+        pass
+
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def polarisation(self) -> str | None:
+        """Stokes parameter convention or polarization."""
+        pass
+
+    # Quality
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def data_mask(self):
+        """Data mask."""
+        pass
+
+    # Position
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def observer_coordinate(self) -> SkyCoord | None:
+        """Observer coordinate."""
+        pass
+
+
+class SpectrogramMeta(NDMeta, SpectrogramMetaABC):
+    """
+    Base class for radio spectrogram metadata.
+
+    Backed by `ndcube.meta.NDMeta` (a `dict` subclass).
+    """
+
+    @property
+    def instrument(self) -> str:
+        return self["instrument"]
+
+    @property
+    def observatory(self) -> str:
+        return self["observatory"]
+
+    @property
+    def detector(self) -> str:
+        return self["detector"]
+
+    @property
+    def date_start(self) -> Time:
+        return self["start_time"]
+
+    @property
+    def date_end(self) -> Time:
+        return self["end_time"]
+
+    @property
+    def processing_level(self) -> str | None:
+        return self.get("processing_level")
+
+    @property
+    def version(self) -> str | None:
+        return self.get("version")
+
+    @property
+    def source_filename(self) -> str | None:
+        return self.get("source_filename")
+
+    @property
+    def temporal_resolution(self) -> Quantity:
+        return self.get("temporal_resolution")
+
+    @property
+    def frequency_range(self) -> Quantity:
+        return self.get("wavelength")
+
+    @property
+    def frequency_resolution(self) -> Quantity:
+        return self.get("frequency_resolution")
+
+    @property
+    def calibration_state(self) -> str | None:
+        return self.get("calibration_state")
+
+    @property
+    def polarisation(self) -> str | None:
+        return self.get("polarisation")
+
+    @property
+    def data_mask(self):
+        return self.get("data_mask")
+
+    @property
+    def observer_coordinate(self) -> SkyCoord | None:
+        return self.get("observer_coordinate")
diff --git a/radiospectra/spectrogram/sources/callisto.py b/radiospectra/spectrogram/sources/callisto.py
index d8cf028..d8f03b0 100644
--- a/radiospectra/spectrogram/sources/callisto.py
+++ b/radiospectra/spectrogram/sources/callisto.py
@@ -1,9 +1,25 @@
 import astropy.units as u
-from astropy.coordinates.earth import EarthLocation
+from astropy.coordinates import EarthLocation, SkyCoord
 
+from radiospectra.spectrogram.meta import SpectrogramMeta
 from radiospectra.spectrogram.spectrogrambase import GenericSpectrogram
 
-__all__ = ["CALISTOSpectrogram"]
+__all__ = ["CALISTOSpectrogram", "CALISTOMeta"]
+
+
+class CALISTOMeta(SpectrogramMeta):
+    """Metadata for e-CALLISTO spectrograms."""
+
+    @property
+    def observer_coordinate(self) -> SkyCoord | None:
+        """The coordinate of the observatory."""
+        fits_meta = self.get("fits_meta")
+        if fits_meta:
+            lat = fits_meta.get("OBS_LAT", 0) * u.deg * (1.0 if fits_meta.get("OBS_LAC") == "N" else -1.0)
+            lon = fits_meta.get("OBS_LON", 0) * u.deg * (1.0 if fits_meta.get("OBS_LOC") == "E" else -1.0)
+            height = fits_meta.get("OBS_ALT", 0) * u.m
+            return EarthLocation(lat=lat, lon=lon, height=height)
+        return None
 
 
 class CALISTOSpectrogram(GenericSpectrogram):
@@ -27,14 +43,13 @@ class CALISTOSpectrogram(GenericSpectrogram):
     """
 
     def __init__(self, data, meta, **kwargs):
+        if not isinstance(meta, CALISTOMeta):
+            meta = CALISTOMeta(meta)
         super().__init__(meta=meta, data=data, **kwargs)
 
     @property
     def observatory_location(self):
-        lat = self.meta["fits_meta"]["OBS_LAT"] * u.deg * (1.0 if self.meta["fits_meta"]["OBS_LAC"] == "N" else -1.0)
-        lon = self.meta["fits_meta"]["OBS_LON"] * u.deg * (1.0 if self.meta["fits_meta"]["OBS_LOC"] == "E" else -1.0)
-        height = self.meta["fits_meta"]["OBS_ALT"] * u.m
-        return EarthLocation(lat=lat, lon=lon, height=height)
+        return self.meta.observer_coordinate
 
     @classmethod
     def is_datasource_for(cls, data, meta, **kwargs):
diff --git a/radiospectra/spectrogram/sources/eovsa.py b/radiospectra/spectrogram/sources/eovsa.py
index 48abb96..ef9dd6a 100644
--- a/radiospectra/spectrogram/sources/eovsa.py
+++ b/radiospectra/spectrogram/sources/eovsa.py
@@ -1,6 +1,19 @@
+from radiospectra.spectrogram.meta import SpectrogramMeta
 from radiospectra.spectrogram.spectrogrambase import GenericSpectrogram
 
-__all__ = ["EOVSASpectrogram"]
+__all__ = ["EOVSASpectrogram", "EOVSAMeta"]
+
+
+class EOVSAMeta(SpectrogramMeta):
+    """Metadata for EOVSA spectrograms."""
+
+    @property
+    def polarisation(self) -> str | None:
+        """The polarisation of the observation."""
+        fits_meta = self.get("fits_meta")
+        if fits_meta:
+            return fits_meta.get("POLARIZA")
+        return None
 
 
 class EOVSASpectrogram(GenericSpectrogram):
@@ -22,11 +35,13 @@ class EOVSASpectrogram(GenericSpectrogram):
     """
 
     def __init__(self, data, meta, **kwargs):
+        if not isinstance(meta, EOVSAMeta):
+            meta = EOVSAMeta(meta)
         super().__init__(meta=meta, data=data, **kwargs)
 
     @property
     def polarisation(self):
-        return self.meta["fits_meta"]["POLARIZA"]
+        return self.meta.polarisation
 
     @classmethod
     def is_datasource_for(cls, data, meta, **kwargs):
diff --git a/radiospectra/spectrogram/sources/ilofar357.py b/radiospectra/spectrogram/sources/ilofar357.py
index 1dd2273..b277efb 100644
--- a/radiospectra/spectrogram/sources/ilofar357.py
+++ b/radiospectra/spectrogram/sources/ilofar357.py
@@ -1,22 +1,43 @@
+from radiospectra.spectrogram.meta import SpectrogramMeta
 from radiospectra.spectrogram.spectrogrambase import GenericSpectrogram
 
 __all__ = [
     "ILOFARMode357Spectrogram",
+    "ILOFARMeta",
 ]
 
 
+class ILOFARMeta(SpectrogramMeta):
+    """Metadata for Irish LOFAR Station spectrograms."""
+
+    @property
+    def mode(self) -> int | None:
+        """The observation mode."""
+        return self.get("mode")
+
+    @property
+    def polarisation(self) -> str | None:
+        """The polarisation of the observation."""
+        return self.get("polarisation")
+
+
 class ILOFARMode357Spectrogram(GenericSpectrogram):
     """
     Irish LOFAR Station mode 357 Spectrogram
     """
 
+    def __init__(self, data, meta, **kwargs):
+        if not isinstance(meta, ILOFARMeta):
+            meta = ILOFARMeta(meta)
+        super().__init__(meta=meta, data=data, **kwargs)
+
     @property
     def mode(self):
-        return self.meta.get("mode")
+        return self.meta.mode
 
     @property
     def polarisation(self):
-        return self.meta.get("polarisation")
+        return self.meta.polarisation
 
     @classmethod
     def is_datasource_for(cls, data, meta, **kwargs):
diff --git a/radiospectra/spectrogram/sources/psp_rfs.py b/radiospectra/spectrogram/sources/psp_rfs.py
index d2c4775..84fffc4 100644
--- a/radiospectra/spectrogram/sources/psp_rfs.py
+++ b/radiospectra/spectrogram/sources/psp_rfs.py
@@ -1,6 +1,37 @@
+from radiospectra.spectrogram.meta import SpectrogramMeta
 from radiospectra.spectrogram.spectrogrambase import GenericSpectrogram
 
-__all__ = ["RFSSpectrogram"]
+__all__ = ["RFSSpectrogram", "RFSMeta"]
+
+
+class RFSMeta(SpectrogramMeta):
+    """Metadata for PSP FIELDS/RFS spectrograms."""
+
+    @property
+    def level(self) -> str | None:
+        """The data processing level."""
+        cdf_globals = self.get("cdf_globals")
+        if cdf_globals:
+            data_type = cdf_globals.get("Data_type")
+            if data_type is None:
+                return None
+            if isinstance(data_type, list) or hasattr(data_type, "tolist"):
+                data_type = data_type[0]
+            return data_type.split(">")[0]
+        return None
+
+    @property
+    def version(self) -> int | None:
+        """The data version."""
+        cdf_globals = self.get("cdf_globals")
+        if cdf_globals:
+            data_version = cdf_globals.get("Data_version")
+            if data_version is None:
+                return None
+            if isinstance(data_version, list) or hasattr(data_version, "tolist"):
+                data_version = data_version[0]
+            return int(data_version)
+        return None
 
 
 class RFSSpectrogram(GenericSpectrogram):
@@ -22,21 +53,17 @@ class RFSSpectrogram(GenericSpectrogram):
     """
 
     def __init__(self, data, meta, **kwargs):
+        if not isinstance(meta, RFSMeta):
+            meta = RFSMeta(meta)
         super().__init__(meta=meta, data=data, **kwargs)
 
     @property
     def level(self):
-        data_type = self.meta["cdf_globals"]["Data_type"]
-        if isinstance(data_type, list) or hasattr(data_type, "tolist"):
-            data_type = data_type[0]
-        return data_type.split(">")[0]
+        return self.meta.level
 
     @property
     def version(self):
-        data_version = self.meta["cdf_globals"]["Data_version"]
-        if isinstance(data_version, list) or hasattr(data_version, "tolist"):
-            data_version = data_version[0]
-        return int(data_version)
+        return self.meta.version
 
     @classmethod
     def is_datasource_for(cls, data, meta, **kwargs):
diff --git a/radiospectra/spectrogram/sources/rpw.py b/radiospectra/spectrogram/sources/rpw.py
index e6c828d..4e04721 100644
--- a/radiospectra/spectrogram/sources/rpw.py
+++ b/radiospectra/spectrogram/sources/rpw.py
@@ -1,6 +1,13 @@
+from radiospectra.spectrogram.meta import SpectrogramMeta
 from radiospectra.spectrogram.spectrogrambase import GenericSpectrogram
 
-__all__ = ["RPWSpectrogram"]
+__all__ = ["RPWSpectrogram", "RPWMeta"]
+
+
+class RPWMeta(SpectrogramMeta):
+    """Metadata for Solar Orbiter RPW spectrograms."""
+
+    pass
 
 
 class RPWSpectrogram(GenericSpectrogram):
@@ -54,6 +61,11 @@ class RPWSpectrogram(GenericSpectrogram):
     <matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh object at ...>
     """
 
+    def __init__(self, data, meta, **kwargs):
+        if not isinstance(meta, RPWMeta):
+            meta = RPWMeta(meta)
+        super().__init__(meta=meta, data=data, **kwargs)
+
     @classmethod
     def is_datasource_for(cls, data, meta, **kwargs):
         return meta["instrument"] == "RPW"
diff --git a/radiospectra/spectrogram/sources/rstn.py b/radiospectra/spectrogram/sources/rstn.py
index 6180665..0574406 100644
--- a/radiospectra/spectrogram/sources/rstn.py
+++ b/radiospectra/spectrogram/sources/rstn.py
@@ -1,6 +1,13 @@
+from radiospectra.spectrogram.meta import SpectrogramMeta
 from radiospectra.spectrogram.spectrogrambase import GenericSpectrogram
 
-__all__ = ["RSTNSpectrogram"]
+__all__ = ["RSTNSpectrogram", "RSTNMeta"]
+
+
+class RSTNMeta(SpectrogramMeta):
+    """Metadata for RSTN spectrograms."""
+
+    pass
 
 
 class RSTNSpectrogram(GenericSpectrogram):
@@ -21,6 +28,11 @@ class RSTNSpectrogram(GenericSpectrogram):
     <matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh object at ...>
     """
 
+    def __init__(self, data, meta, **kwargs):
+        if not isinstance(meta, RSTNMeta):
+            meta = RSTNMeta(meta)
+        super().__init__(meta=meta, data=data, **kwargs)
+
     @classmethod
     def is_datasource_for(cls, data, meta, **kwargs):
         return meta["instrument"] == "RSTN"
diff --git a/radiospectra/spectrogram/sources/swaves.py b/radiospectra/spectrogram/sources/swaves.py
index 1dcdfe9..1a7fc21 100644
--- a/radiospectra/spectrogram/sources/swaves.py
+++ b/radiospectra/spectrogram/sources/swaves.py
@@ -1,6 +1,16 @@
+from radiospectra.spectrogram.meta import SpectrogramMeta
 from radiospectra.spectrogram.spectrogrambase import GenericSpectrogram
 
-__all__ = ["SWAVESSpectrogram"]
+__all__ = ["SWAVESSpectrogram", "SWAVESMeta"]
+
+
+class SWAVESMeta(SpectrogramMeta):
+    """Metadata for STEREO/SWAVES spectrograms."""
+
+    @property
+    def receiver(self) -> str | None:
+        """The name of the receiver."""
+        return self.get("detector")
 
 
 class SWAVESSpectrogram(GenericSpectrogram):
@@ -24,14 +34,14 @@ class SWAVESSpectrogram(GenericSpectrogram):
     """
 
     def __init__(self, data, meta, **kwargs):
+        if not isinstance(meta, SWAVESMeta):
+            meta = SWAVESMeta(meta)
         super().__init__(meta=meta, data=data, **kwargs)
 
     @property
     def receiver(self):
-        """
-        The name of the receiver.
-        """
-        return self.meta["receiver"]
+        """The name of the receiver."""
+        return self.meta.receiver
 
     @classmethod
     def is_datasource_for(cls, data, meta, **kwargs):
diff --git a/radiospectra/spectrogram/sources/tests/test_callisto.py b/radiospectra/spectrogram/sources/tests/test_callisto.py
index 8930eb3..652c2d8 100644
--- a/radiospectra/spectrogram/sources/tests/test_callisto.py
+++ b/radiospectra/spectrogram/sources/tests/test_callisto.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 import pytest
 
 import astropy.units as u
+from astropy.coordinates import EarthLocation
 from astropy.tests.helper import assert_quantity_allclose
 from astropy.time import Time
 
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@
 
 from radiospectra.spectrogram import Spectrogram
 from radiospectra.spectrogram.sources import CALISTOSpectrogram
+from radiospectra.spectrogram.sources.callisto import CALISTOMeta
 
 
 @mock.patch("radiospectra.spectrogram.spectrogram_factory.parse_path")
@@ -509,3 +511,22 @@ def test_ecallisto_spectrogram_online():
     assert_quantity_allclose(spec.frequencies[0], 92.938 * u.MHz, rtol=1e-3)
     assert spec.frequencies[-1] == 45.0 * u.MHz
     assert spec.data.shape == (200, 3600)
+
+
+def test_callisto_meta():
+    meta = CALISTOMeta(
+        {
+            "fits_meta": {
+                "OBS_LAC": "N",
+                "OBS_LAT": 53.0941390991211,
+                "OBS_LOC": "E",
+                "OBS_LON": 7.92012977600098,
+                "OBS_ALT": 416.5,
+            }
+        }
+    )
+    coord = meta.observer_coordinate
+    assert isinstance(coord, EarthLocation)
+    assert np.isclose(coord.lon.value, 7.92012977600098)
+    assert np.isclose(coord.lat.value, 53.0941390991211)
+    assert np.isclose(coord.height.value, 416.5)
diff --git a/radiospectra/spectrogram/sources/tests/test_waves.py b/radiospectra/spectrogram/sources/tests/test_waves.py
index 97e9c2a..c912bcd 100644
--- a/radiospectra/spectrogram/sources/tests/test_waves.py
+++ b/radiospectra/spectrogram/sources/tests/test_waves.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 
 from radiospectra.spectrogram import Spectrogram
 from radiospectra.spectrogram.sources import WAVESSpectrogram
+from radiospectra.spectrogram.sources.waves import WAVESMeta
 from radiospectra.spectrogram.spectrogram_factory import SpectrogramFactory
 
 
@@ -88,3 +89,16 @@ def test_waves_spectrogram_online():
     assert spec.frequencies[0] == 20.0 * u.kHz
     assert spec.frequencies[-1] == 1040.0 * u.kHz
     assert spec.data.shape == (256, 1440)
+
+
+def test_waves_meta():
+    meta = WAVESMeta(
+        {
+            "instrument": "WAVES",
+            "background": "test_bg",
+            "detector": "rad1",
+        }
+    )
+    assert meta.instrument == "WAVES"
+    assert meta.background == "test_bg"
+    assert meta.receiver == "rad1"
diff --git a/radiospectra/spectrogram/sources/waves.py b/radiospectra/spectrogram/sources/waves.py
index a4715b0..44e8d58 100644
--- a/radiospectra/spectrogram/sources/waves.py
+++ b/radiospectra/spectrogram/sources/waves.py
@@ -1,6 +1,21 @@
+from radiospectra.spectrogram.meta import SpectrogramMeta
 from radiospectra.spectrogram.spectrogrambase import GenericSpectrogram
 
-__all__ = ["WAVESSpectrogram"]
+__all__ = ["WAVESSpectrogram", "WAVESMeta"]
+
+
+class WAVESMeta(SpectrogramMeta):
+    """Metadata for WIND/WAVES spectrograms."""
+
+    @property
+    def background(self):
+        """The background subtracted from the data."""
+        return self.get("background")
+
+    @property
+    def receiver(self):
+        """The name of the receiver."""
+        return self.get("detector")
 
 
 class WAVESSpectrogram(GenericSpectrogram):
@@ -24,6 +39,8 @@ class WAVESSpectrogram(GenericSpectrogram):
     """
 
     def __init__(self, data, meta, **kwargs):
+        if not isinstance(meta, WAVESMeta):
+            meta = WAVESMeta(meta)
         super().__init__(meta=meta, data=data, **kwargs)
 
     @property
@@ -31,14 +48,14 @@ def receiver(self):
         """
         The name of the receiver.
         """
-        return self.meta["receiver"]
+        return getattr(self.meta, "receiver", self.meta.get("receiver"))
 
     @property
     def background(self):
         """
         The background subtracted from the data.
         """
-        return self.meta.bg
+        return getattr(self.meta, "background", self.meta.get("bg"))
 
     @classmethod
     def is_datasource_for(cls, data, meta, **kwargs):
diff --git a/radiospectra/spectrogram/spectrogrambase.py b/radiospectra/spectrogram/spectrogrambase.py
index 5f00d85..c297731 100644
--- a/radiospectra/spectrogram/spectrogrambase.py
+++ b/radiospectra/spectrogram/spectrogrambase.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 from radiospectra.exceptions import SpectraMetaValidationError
 from radiospectra.mixins import NonUniformImagePlotMixin, PcolormeshPlotMixin
+from radiospectra.spectrogram.meta import SpectrogramMeta
 from radiospectra.utils import build_spectrogram_wcs
 
 __all__ = ["GenericSpectrogram"]
@@ -30,6 +31,9 @@ def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwargs):
             cls._registry[cls] = cls.is_datasource_for
 
     def __init__(self, data, meta, wcs=None, **kwargs):
+        if not isinstance(meta, SpectrogramMeta):
+            meta = SpectrogramMeta(meta)
+
         if wcs is None:
             self._validate_meta(meta)
             wcs = build_spectrogram_wcs(self._time_axis_from_meta(meta), meta["freqs"]).wcs
@@ -40,42 +44,45 @@ def observatory(self):
         """
         The name of the observatory which recorded the spectrogram.
         """
-        return self.meta["observatory"].upper()
+        val = getattr(self.meta, "observatory", self.meta.get("observatory"))
+        return val.upper() if val else None
 
     @property
     def instrument(self):
         """
         The name of the instrument which recorded the spectrogram.
         """
-        return self.meta["instrument"].upper()
+        val = getattr(self.meta, "instrument", self.meta.get("instrument"))
+        return val.upper() if val else None
 
     @property
     def detector(self):
         """
         The detector which recorded the spectrogram.
         """
-        return self.meta["detector"].upper()
+        val = getattr(self.meta, "detector", self.meta.get("detector"))
+        return val.upper() if val else None
 
     @property
     def start_time(self):
         """
         The start time of the spectrogram.
         """
-        return self.meta["start_time"]
+        return getattr(self.meta, "date_start", self.meta.get("start_time"))
 
     @property
     def end_time(self):
         """
         The end time of the spectrogram.
         """
-        return self.meta["end_time"]
+        return getattr(self.meta, "date_end", self.meta.get("end_time"))
 
     @property
     def wavelength(self):
         """
         The wavelength range of the spectrogram.
         """
-        return self.meta["wavelength"]
+        return getattr(self.meta, "frequency_range", self.meta.get("wavelength"))
 
     @property
     def times(self):
diff --git a/radiospectra/spectrogram/tests/test_meta.py b/radiospectra/spectrogram/tests/test_meta.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0895fb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radiospectra/spectrogram/tests/test_meta.py
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import pytest
+
+from radiospectra.spectrogram.meta import SpectrogramMeta
+
+
+def test_spectrogram_meta_required_keys():
+    meta = SpectrogramMeta(
+        {
+            "instrument": "test_inst",
+            "observatory": "test_obs",
+            "detector": "test_det",
+            "start_time": "2020-01-01",
+            "end_time": "2020-01-02",
+        }
+    )
+
+    assert meta.instrument == "test_inst"
+    assert meta.observatory == "test_obs"
+    assert meta.detector == "test_det"
+    assert meta.date_start == "2020-01-01"
+    assert meta.date_end == "2020-01-02"
+
+
+def test_spectrogram_meta_missing_required():
+    meta = SpectrogramMeta({})
+    with pytest.raises(KeyError):
+        _ = meta.instrument
+
+
+def test_spectrogram_meta_optional_keys():
+    meta = SpectrogramMeta(
+        {
+            "processing_level": "L2",
+            "version": "1.0",
+            "wavelength": "radio",
+        }
+    )
+
+    assert meta.processing_level == "L2"
+    assert meta.version == "1.0"
+    assert meta.frequency_range == "radio"
+    assert meta.temporal_resolution is None