diff --git a/FormalConjectures/GreensOpenProblems/64.lean b/FormalConjectures/GreensOpenProblems/64.lean new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..05e6f840d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/FormalConjectures/GreensOpenProblems/64.lean @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +/- +Copyright 2026 The Formal Conjectures Authors. + +Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); +you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. +You may obtain a copy of the License at + + https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 + +Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software +distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, +WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. +See the License for the specific language governing permissions and +limitations under the License. +-/ + +import FormalConjectures.Util.ProblemImports + +/-! +# Green's Open Problem 64 + +*Reference:* [Ben Green's Open Problems](https://people.maths.ox.ac.uk/greenbj/papers/open-problems.pdf#problem.64) + +Do there exist infinitely many primes $p$ for which $p - 2$ has an odd number of prime factors, +counted with multiplicity? + +Writing $\Omega(n)$ for the number of prime factors of $n$ counted with multiplicity, the question +asks whether the set of primes $p$ with $\Omega(p - 2)$ odd is infinite. +-/ + +open ArithmeticFunction + +open scoped ArithmeticFunction.Omega + +namespace Green64 + +/-- +Do there exist infinitely many primes $p$ for which $p - 2$ has an odd number of prime factors, +counted with multiplicity (i.e. $\Omega(p - 2)$ is odd)? +-/ +@[category research open, AMS 11] +theorem green_64 : + answer(sorry) ↔ {p : ℕ | p.Prime ∧ Odd (Ω (p - 2))}.Infinite := by + sorry + +/-- $5$ satisfies the condition: $5$ is prime and $5 - 2 = 3$ is prime, so $\Omega(3) = 1$ is odd. -/ +@[category test, AMS 11] +theorem green_64_mem_five : 5 ∈ {p : ℕ | p.Prime ∧ Odd (Ω (p - 2))} := by + refine ⟨by norm_num, ?_⟩ + rw [show (5 : ℕ) - 2 = 3 by norm_num, cardFactors_apply_prime (by norm_num)] + exact odd_one + +/-- $7$ satisfies the condition: $7$ is prime and $7 - 2 = 5$ is prime, so $\Omega(5) = 1$ is odd. -/ +@[category test, AMS 11] +theorem green_64_mem_seven : 7 ∈ {p : ℕ | p.Prime ∧ Odd (Ω (p - 2))} := by + refine ⟨by norm_num, ?_⟩ + rw [show (7 : ℕ) - 2 = 5 by norm_num, cardFactors_apply_prime (by norm_num)] + exact odd_one + +/-- $11$ does *not* satisfy the condition: although $11$ is prime, $11 - 2 = 9 = 3 ^ 2$ has +$\Omega(9) = 2$ prime factors, which is even. This shows the condition is non-trivial. -/ +@[category test, AMS 11] +theorem green_64_not_mem_eleven : 11 ∉ {p : ℕ | p.Prime ∧ Odd (Ω (p - 2))} := by + rintro ⟨-, hodd⟩ + rw [show (11 : ℕ) - 2 = 3 ^ 2 by norm_num, cardFactors_apply_prime_pow (by norm_num)] at hodd + exact (by decide : ¬ Odd 2) hodd + +end Green64