diff --git a/s3fs/core.py b/s3fs/core.py
index 3bf1d132..16f8f84a 100644
--- a/s3fs/core.py
+++ b/s3fs/core.py
@@ -852,6 +852,9 @@ async def _lsdir(
         versions=False,
     ):
         bucket, key, _ = self.split_path(path)
+        # A caller-supplied prefix is a stem filter, so the listing is partial
+        # and must not be cached. Capture it before prefix is overwritten below.
+        partial = bool(prefix)
         if not prefix:
             prefix = ""
         if key:
@@ -877,7 +880,7 @@ async def _lsdir(
             except ClientError as e:
                 raise translate_boto_error(e)
 
-            if delimiter and files and not versions:
+            if delimiter and files and not versions and not partial:
                 self.dircache[path] = files
             return files
         return self.dircache[path]
diff --git a/s3fs/tests/test_s3fs.py b/s3fs/tests/test_s3fs.py
index 7478146a..5cf81336 100644
--- a/s3fs/tests/test_s3fs.py
+++ b/s3fs/tests/test_s3fs.py
@@ -3341,3 +3341,56 @@ async def run():
         aio_session.AioSession, "_create_client", counting_create_client
     ):
         asyncio.run(run())
+
+
+def test_find_with_prefix_does_not_poison_dircache(s3):
+    data_dir = test_bucket_name + "/splits"
+    s3.touch(data_dir + "/train-00000.parquet")
+    s3.touch(data_dir + "/test-00000.parquet")
+    s3.invalidate_cache()
+
+    train_results = s3.find(data_dir, prefix="train-", maxdepth=1)
+    assert len(train_results) == 1
+    assert data_dir + "/train-00000.parquet" in train_results
+
+    all_files = {f.split("/")[-1] for f in s3.ls(data_dir)}
+    assert all_files == {"train-00000.parquet", "test-00000.parquet"}
+
+
+def test_glob_prefix_does_not_poison_dircache(s3):
+    data_dir = test_bucket_name + "/globs"
+    s3.touch(data_dir + "/train-00000.parquet")
+    s3.touch(data_dir + "/test-00000.parquet")
+    s3.invalidate_cache()
+
+    assert len(s3.glob(data_dir + "/train-*")) == 1
+    test_hits = s3.glob(data_dir + "/test-*")
+    assert len(test_hits) == 1
+    assert data_dir + "/test-00000.parquet" in test_hits
+
+
+def test_find_with_prefix_preserves_existing_full_cache(s3):
+    data_dir = test_bucket_name + "/warm"
+    s3.touch(data_dir + "/train-00000.parquet")
+    s3.touch(data_dir + "/test-00000.parquet")
+    s3.invalidate_cache()
+
+    assert len(s3.ls(data_dir)) == 2
+
+    s3.find(data_dir, prefix="train-", maxdepth=1)
+
+    cached = {f.split("/")[-1] for f in s3.ls(data_dir)}
+    assert cached == {"train-00000.parquet", "test-00000.parquet"}
+
+
+def test_normal_ls_and_find_still_populate_dircache(s3):
+    data_dir = test_bucket_name + "/normal"
+    s3.touch(data_dir + "/file-a")
+    s3.touch(data_dir + "/file-b")
+    s3.invalidate_cache()
+
+    assert data_dir not in s3.dircache
+
+    s3.ls(data_dir)
+    assert data_dir in s3.dircache
+    assert len(s3.dircache[data_dir]) == 2